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Fiat Ducato

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(Redirected from Citroën C25)
"Citroën Jumper" redirects here. Not to be confused with Citroën Jumpy.

Fiat Ducato
Overview
ManufacturerSevel
Stellantis (2021–present)
Also calledRam Promaster
Citroen Jumper
Peugeot Boxer
Opel Movano
Vauxhall Movano
Toyota Proace Max
Production1981–present
Body and chassis
ClassLight commercial vehicle (M)
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
Chronology
PredecessorFiat 242
Fiat Daily
Dodge Sprinter (for Ram ProMaster)
Peugeot J9 (for Peugeot J5)
Citroën H Van (for Citroën C25)
Dodge Spacevan (for Talbot Express)
Renault Master (for Opel/Vauxhall Movano)
Alfa Romeo Romeo (for Alfa Romeo AR6)

The Fiat Ducato is a light commercial vehicle jointly developed by FCA Italy and PSA Group (currently Stellantis), and mainly manufactured by Sevel, a joint venture between the two companies since 1981. It has also been sold as the Citroën C25, Peugeot J5, Alfa Romeo AR6 and Talbot Express and later as the Fiat Ducato, Citroën Jumper (Relay first in the United Kingdom and then in Australia; Dispatch in Australia as a shorter variant), and Peugeot Boxer (Manager in Mexico), from 1994 onwards. It entered the North American market as the Ram ProMaster in May 2014 for the 2015 model year.

In Europe, it is produced at the Sevel Sud factory, in Atessa, Italy. It has also been produced at the Iveco factory in Sete Lagoas, Brazil, at the Karsan factory in Akçalar, Turkey, at the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Saltillo Van Assembly Plant in Saltillo, Mexico, and at the Fiat-Sollers factory in Elabuga, Russia. Since 1981, more than 2.6 million Fiat Ducatos have been produced.[1] The name "Ducato" is a reference to the ducat; after the Fiorino, this was the second Fiat light commercial vehicle to be named after ancient coinage.

In July 2019, the electric version of the Ducato developed by FCA Italy was presented, and sales commenced in 2020; a refreshed model debuted for 2024.[2] An electric version for the North American market, the Ram ProMaster EV, was unveiled in early 2024.[3]

Since the 2021 model year, the Ducato has also been rebadged as the Opel/Vauxhall Movano, replacing the previous model Movano, which from 1998 until 2021 had been based on the Renault Master. The Ducato is also rebadged as the Toyota Proace Max.[4]

4WD versions are available to order, which are converted by the French company Dangel using a central viscous coupling.

The Ducato is the most common motorhome base used in Europe; with around two-thirds of motorhomes using the Ducato base.[5]

First generation (1981)

[edit]
First generation
Fiat Ducato
Overview
Also called
Production1981–1993
AssemblyVal di Sangro, Atessa, Italy (Sevel Sud)
Pomigliano d’Arco, Naples, Italy (Sevel Sud)
Body and chassis
Body style3-door van/minibus
2-door pickup
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motor43 kW Leroy-Somer T29C LT250 electric motor (ELETTRA)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,917–3,659 mm (114.8–144.1 in)
Length4,693–5,598 mm (184.8–220.4 in)
Width1,920–2,000 mm (75.6–78.7 in)
Height2,070–2,668 mm (81.5–105.0 in)
Curb weight1,590–1,715 kg (3,505.3–3,780.9 lb)
Fiat Ducato rear view

The Ducato was first launched in 1981, and was the result of Fiat's collaboration with PSA Peugeot Citroën, that resulted in the vehicle's development starting in 1978. The vehicles were manufactured at the Sevel Val di Sangro plant in Atessa, in central Italy, and at the Sevel Campania plant in Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples,[6] together with the similar Alfa Romeo AR6, Citroën C25, and Peugeot J5 versions. The Peugeot J5 was sold as the Talbot Express in the United Kingdom (1986–1994). The collaboration of Fiat and PSA had earlier produced the Fiat 242 and Citroën C35 from 1974.

For the Fiat, engines were 2.0 litre 4-cylinder petrol or 1.9 litre diesel. Trim levels were base, S, and SX. Model variants were named according to carrying capacity: Ducato 10 (1.0 tons), Ducato 13 (1.3 tons), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons), and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons). The Ducato Mk1 was very popular as a basis for campervan conversions. A short-wheelbase version was sold as Fiat Talento.

In August 1992, some Fiat Ducatos were built with the T29C electric DC motor from Leroy-Somer, named as the Ducato Elettra powered by 28 six-volt valve regulated lead–acid (VRLA) gel cell batteries, producing 168 volts DC and 160 amperes, in a wooden box weighing 868 kg. This 4765 × 1965 × 2100 mm transporter (maximum gross weight 3190 kg) had a vehicle payload of 750 kg and a range up to 70 kilometers.[7]

Fiat Talento

[edit]
Main article: Fiat Talento
Fiat Talento (first generation)

The Fiat Talento (Italian pronunciation: [taˈlɛnto]) is a light commercial vehicle produced by the Italian automaker Fiat, first sold in 1981 as a short-wheelbase version of the Ducato. In 1994, the first generation Talento was discontinued.

It has been offered in two non-consecutive generations, as the nameplate made its return as a rebadged Renault Trafic (X82) in 2016. The name continues Fiat's practice of naming their commercial vehicles after old currencies, with "talento" referring to the talent, a unit of measurement often used for precious metals.

Alfa Romeo AR6

[edit]
Alfa Romeo AR6
Citroën C25

The Alfa Romeo AR6 was a badge-engineered Ducato sold by Alfa Romeo on the Italian market only, as a replacement for the Alfa Romeo Romeo. It was available in two different wheelbase lengths, and as a passenger van, commercial van, or pick-up truck. It was also the final commercial vehicle sold by Alfa Romeo. The Alfa Romeo AR6 was produced in the Sevel Campania plant (formerly owned by ARVECO – Alfa Romeo Industrial Vehicles) of Pomigliano d'Arco, Naples, until 1 January 1986, when Alfa Romeo dropped out of the commercial vehicle business entirely. Production of the Fiat Ducato continued in the same plant until 1994 when it was closed.[8]

Citroën C25

[edit]

The Citroën C25 was a 2.5 tonne capacity van (hence the name C25) produced from October 1981 until 1993. The C25 succeeded the dated corrugated Citroën Type H post war one tonne van. The C25's engines are transversely mounted; the petrol one is a Peugeot 504 unit whilst the diesel one is from the Citroën CX diesel. Both units are coupled to a Citroën gearbox.

In February 1982, the range was extended to include a pick-up truck and a minibus. In 1991, the C25 series 2 was launched with an enlarged grille. In 1994, the C25 was replaced by the Jumper.

Peugeot J5

[edit]
Peugeot J5

The Peugeot J5 was a 2.5 tonne capacity van, also produced from October 1981 until 1993. Its powertrains are as per the Citroën C25. In 1991, the J5 series 2 was launched with a new front grille and headlights. It was replaced in 1994 by the Peugeot Boxer, which was based on the second generation Fiat Ducato.

It sold reasonably well in France but enjoyed little commercial success outside France, being overshadowed in much of Europe by the Fiat Ducato, which was supported by stronger commercial vehicle dealership networks in key markets.

Talbot Express

[edit]
Talbot Express
Talbot Express campervan

The Talbot Express van, sold solely in the United Kingdom, was the last Talbot-badged motor vehicle to be produced, quietly succeeding the outdated Dodge Spacevan modeline. Production of this badge-engineered version for the United Kingdom began in 1982 and continued until 1994, nearly eight years after the last Talbot badged passenger car had been withdrawn.

Its Citroën/Peugeot petrol and diesel engines were transversely mounted driving the front wheels. A 4×4 option was also available, although is now very rare today.

In 1991, the series 2 Express was launched with an enlarged grille. Production was discontinued in 1994, when Peugeot finally discarded the Talbot marque.

This van was popular in the United Kingdom, for new conversions to camper vans or motorhomes by coach builders. Provided they are well-maintained and not too rusty, they can still command prices of many thousands of pounds even though they are over thirty years old. This is in marked contrast to the values of the commercial van versions.

Engines

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm
Petrol engines
1800 PSA 169B 1796 cc OHV 8v Carburettor 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) at 4800 rpm 136 N⋅m (100 lb⋅ft) at 2300 rpm
2000 PSA 170B 1971 cc OHV 8v Carburettor 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 5000 rpm 147 N⋅m (108 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
2000 PSA 170B 1971 cc OHV 8v Carburettor 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) at 5000 rpm 152 N⋅m (112 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
2000 PSA 170C 1971 cc OHV 8v Carburettor 86 PS (63 kW; 85 hp) at 4750 rpm 160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
2000 cat PSA 170D 1971 cc OHV 8v Fuel injection 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) at 4750 rpm 160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
Diesel engines
1929 D Fiat 149B1000 1929 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) at 4600 rpm 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
1929 TD Fiat 280A1000 1929 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4100 rpm 181 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) at 2500 rpm
2445 TD Sofim 8144.21 2445 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) at 3800 rpm 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm
2445 D Sofim 8144.61 2445 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) at 4200 rpm 147 N⋅m (108 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm
2500 D Sofim 8144.07 2500 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 4200 rpm 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm
2500 D Sofim 8144.67 2500 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 4200 rpm 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) at 2200 rpm
2500 TD Sofim 8140.27 2500 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) at 3800 rpm 216 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm
Electric engines
ELETTRA Leroy-Somer T29C LT250 — DC magnetic shunt 28 VRLA battery Pb-Gel batteries 6V DC 160A 58.5 PS (43.0 kW; 57.7 hp) at 1550 rpm 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) at 1550 rpm

Second generation (1993)

[edit]
Second generation
Fiat Ducato
Overview
Also calledPeugeot Boxer
Peugeot Manager (Mexico)
Citroën Jumper
Citroën Relay (United Kingdom)
Production1993–2006
2000–2016 (Brazil)
AssemblyVal di Sangro, Atessa, Italy (Sevel Sud)
Tychy, Poland (Fiat Auto Poland)
Akçalar, Turkey (Karsan)
Elabuga, Russia (Fiat-Sollers)
Sete Lagoas, Brazil (Iveco)
Body and chassis
Body style3-door van/minibus
4-door van/minibus
2/4-door pickup
RelatedHino Poncho (1st generation)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,850–3,700 mm (112.2–145.7 in)
Length4,521–5,682 mm (178.0–223.7 in)
Width1,943–2,026 mm (76.5–79.8 in)
Height2,087–2,860 mm (82.2–112.6 in)
Curb weight1,600–1,799 kg (3,527.4–3,966.1 lb)

The second-generation Ducato arrived in 1993 and was still produced by Sevel. Peugeot changed the name from J5 to Boxer while Citroën rebranded the C25 as Jumper (sold as the "Relay" in the United Kingdom and Ireland). One engine option was a Fiat 2.5 L diesel, which was replaced with 2.8 L Iveco/Sofim engine in 1998.

The Ducato Goods Transport has a payload of 12 m3 and comes with a choice of four engines: the 2.0 petrol, 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16V, or 2.8 JTD. All of these conformed to the Euro 3 standards and offered programmed maintenance management. The range included two types of gearbox: a mechanical box with a five-speed manual plus reverse and an automatic transmission with four speeds plus reverse.

The Ducato Passenger Transport has a carrying capacity of six to nine people and comes with the 2.3 litre JTD 16v engine, which again is Euro 3 compliant and delivers 110 bhp.

The Ducato Combi is a mixture of the Goods Transport and the Passenger Transport. It is ideal for the transport of people and goods alike, and it can accommodate up to nine occupants. Model designations were Ducato 10 (1 ton), Ducato 14 (1.4 tons) and Ducato Maxi 18 (1.8 tons).

  • Fiat Ducato II rear view
    Fiat Ducato II rear view
  • 1st generation (original) Citroën Jumper
    1st generation (original) Citroën Jumper
  • 1st generation (original) Peugeot Boxer
    1st generation (original) Peugeot Boxer

2002 facelift

[edit]

The second series was restyled in February 2002, with the addition of rear and side bump mouldings and revised front grille. The engine range was: 2.0 JTD, 2.3 JTD 16v and 2.8 JTD, 2.5 diesel was dropped. Model designations were changed to reflect maximum gross weight: Ducato 29 (2.9 tons), Ducato 30 (3.0 tons), Ducato 33 (3.3 tons) and Ducato Maxi 35 (3.5 tons).[9]

  • Fiat Ducato II facelift
    Fiat Ducato II facelift
  • Fiat Ducato II facelift rear view
    Fiat Ducato II facelift rear view
  • Facelifted (2nd generation) Citroën Relay (Dispatch in Australia)
    Facelifted (2nd generation) Citroën Relay (Dispatch in Australia)
  • Facelifted (2nd generation) Peugeot Boxer
    Facelifted (2nd generation) Peugeot Boxer

On 15 December 2005, the three-millionth vehicle was produced, which resulted in the rate of production increasing to nine vehicles per day. This generation was also produced at the Fiat Auto Poland Tychy plant in complete knock down,[10] at the Iveco plant in Sete Lagoas (Brazil), at the Karsan plant in Alkaçar, Turkey, since 2000, and since 2006 in Elabuga, Russia (Fiat-Sollers).

The Ducato, Jumper, and Boxer were also produced in Brazil until December 2016.[11]

Engines

[edit]

1993–1999

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm Years
Petrol engines
2.0 i.e. PSA RFW 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,500 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,400 rpm 1994–1999
2.0 i.e.2 PSA RFW 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,500 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,400 rpm 2004
Diesel engines
1.9 D1 Fiat 230A2000 1,929 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) @ 4,600 rpm 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) @ 2,500 rpm 1994–1999
1.9 D2 PSA D8C 1,905 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) @ 4,600 rpm 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000 rpm 1994–1999
1.9 TD1 Fiat 230A3000 1,929 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) @ 4,200 rpm 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) @ 2,500 rpm 1994–1999
1.9 TD cat1 Fiat 230A4000 1,929 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) @ 4,200 rpm 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) @ 2,500 rpm 1994–1999
1.9 TD2 PSA D8B 1,905 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 1994–1999
2.5 D1 Iveco 8140.67 2,500 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) @ 4,200 rpm 164 N⋅m (121 lb⋅ft) @ 2,400 rpm 1994–1998
2.5 D2 PSA T9A 2,446 cc SOHC 12v Indirect injection 86 PS (63 kW; 85 hp) @ 4,350 rpm 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 1994–1999
2.5 TD2 PSA T8A 2,446 cc SOHC 12v Indirect injection 103 PS (76 kW; 102 hp) @ 4,200 rpm 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) @ 2,200 rpm 1994–1998
2.5 TD2 PSA THX 2,446 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 107 PS (79 kW; 106 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 1998–1999
2.5 TDI1 Iveco 8140.47 2,500 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 116 PS (85 kW; 114 hp) @ 3,800 rpm 245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000 rpm 1994–1998
2.5 TDI cat1 Iveco 8140.47R 2,500 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) @ 3,800 rpm 256 N⋅m (189 lb⋅ft) @ 2,200 rpm 1994–1998
2.8 D1 Iveco 8140.63 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) @ 3,800 rpm 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000 rpm 1998–1999
2.8 i.d. TD Iveco 8140.43 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm 1998–1999

1 Only for Fiat Ducato
2 Only for Citroën Jumper and Peugeot Boxer

2000–2001

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm Years
Petrol engines
2.0 i.e. PSA RFW 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,500 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,400 rpm 2000–2001
2.0 i.e.1 PSA RFW 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 109 PS (80 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,500 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,400 rpm 2004–2009
Diesel engines
1.9 D PSA DJY 1,905 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) @ 4,600 rpm 120 N⋅m (89 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000 rpm 2000–2001
1.9 TD PSA DHY 1,905 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 2000–2001
2.0 JTD/HDi PSA RHV 1,997 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) @ 1,900 rpm 2000–2001
2.5 D1 PSA T9A 2,446 cc SOHC 12v Indirect injection 86 PS (63 kW; 85 hp) @ 4,350 rpm 153 N⋅m (113 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 2000–2001
2.5 TD1 PSA THX 2,446 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 107 PS (79 kW; 106 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) @ 2,250 rpm 2000
2.8 D2 Iveco 8140.63 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Indirect injection 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) @ 3,800 rpm 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft) @ 2,000 rpm 2000–2001
2.8 i.d. TD Iveco 8140.43 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Direct injection 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 285 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm 2000–2001
2.8 JTD/HDi Iveco 8140.43S 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 128 PS (94 kW; 126 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm 2000–2001

1 Only for Citroën Jumper and Peugeot Boxer
2 Only for Fiat Ducato

2002–2006

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm Years
Petrol engines
2.0 i.e. PSA RFL 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,700 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,700 rpm 2002–2006
2.0 i.e. natural power CNG PSA RFL 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,700 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,700 rpm 2002–2003
2.0 i.e. G power LPG PSA RFL 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,700 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,700 rpm 2002–2006
2.0 i.e. natural power CNG1 PSA RFL 1,998 cc SOHC 8v Multi-point fuel injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @ 5,700 rpm 168 N⋅m (124 lb⋅ft) @ 3,700 rpm 2009–2013
Diesel engines
2.0 JTD/HDi PSA RHV 1,997 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 192 N⋅m (142 lb⋅ft) @ 1,900 rpm 2002–2006
2.2 HDi1 PSA 4HY 2,179 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft) @ 1,900 rpm 2002–2006
2.3 JTD2 Iveco F1AE0481C 2,286 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm 2002–2006
2.3 Multijet (Brazil) Iveco 2,286 cc DOHC 16V Common rail direct injection 127 PS (93 kW; 125 hp) 2009
2.8 JTD/HDi Iveco 8140.43S 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 128 PS (94 kW; 126 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) @ 1,800 rpm 2002–2006
2.8 JTD/HDi Power Iveco 8140.43N 2,800 cc SOHC 8v Common rail direct injection 146 PS (107 kW; 144 hp) @ 3,600 rpm 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) @ 1,500 rpm 2004–2006

1 Only for Citroën Jumper and Peugeot Boxer
2 Only for Fiat Ducato

Third generation (2006)

[edit]
Third generation
Overview
Also called
  • Peugeot Boxer
  • Peugeot Manager (Mexico)
  • Citroën Relay (United Kingdom)
  • Citroën Jumper
  • Ram ProMaster (North America, 2014–present)
  • Opel Movano (2021–present)
  • Vauxhall Movano (2021–present)
  • Toyota ProAce Max (2023–present)[12]
  • Zenith Electric Van
  • Maxwell Vehicles ePro[13]
ProductionSeptember 2006 – present (Europe)
January 2007 – present (Latin-America)
May 2014 – present (North America)
Model years2014–present (North America)
AssemblyItaly: Atessa (Sevel Sud)
Mexico: Saltillo (Saltillo Van Assembly)
Poland: Gliwice (Opel Poland)[14]
DesignerMike Robinson[15]
Body and chassis
Body style3-door van/minibus
4-door van/minibus
2-door pickup
PlatformX250
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motor90 kW, 280 Nm synchronous permanent magnet motor (E-Ducato)
200 kW, 400 Nm (Toyota Proace Max Electric)
Transmission6-speed GM M40 manual
6-speed Chrysler 62TE automatic
9-speed ZF 9HP48 automatic
8-speed automatic (Toyota Proace Max)
Battery3 modules (47kWh)
5 modules (79kWh) lithium-ion (E-Ducato)
110 kWh (Toyota Proace Max Electric)
Electric range420km WLTP (Toyota Proace Max Electric)
Dimensions
WheelbaseSWB Relay/Jumper: 3,000 mm (118.1 in)
SWB: 3,450 mm (135.8 in)
LWB: 4,035 mm (158.9 in)
MWB (Truck Only): 3,800 mm (149.6 in)
LengthSWB Relay/Jumper: 4,963 mm (195.4 in)
Boxer/Manager Chassis Cab: 6,208 mm (244.4 in)
SWB Truck Relay/Jumper: 5,258 mm (207.0 in)
SWB Truck: 5,358 mm (210.9 in)
MWB Truck: 5,708 mm (224.7 in)
MWB Truck Relay/Jumper: 5,608 mm (220.8 in)
LWB Truck: 5,943 mm (234.0 in)
LWB Truck XL: 6,308 mm (248.3 in)
SWB: 5,413 mm (213.1 in)
LWB: 5,998 mm (236.1 in) & 6,363 mm (250.5 in)
LWB Truck: 5,843 mm (230.0 in)
LWB Truck XL: 6,208 mm (244.4 in)
Width2,025 mm (79.7 in)
HeightSWB: 2,524 mm (99.4 in) & 2,764 mm (108.8 in)
Truck: 2,254 mm (88.7 in)
Boxer/Manager Truck: 2,153 mm (84.8 in)
Boxer/Manager Van: 2,522 mm (99.3 in)
Curb weight1,900–2,150 kg (4,188.8–4,739.9 lb)

The third-generation Jumper/Relay was launched first in worldwide except in Australia in September 2006 as a 2007 model (including the UK) and then in Australia in late 2012 as a 2013 model, followed by the Boxer in June[16] and the Ducato later as a 2008 model. The vehicle was available in many variants both for people and goods transport. Weights were again increased, with the following designations for all-up weight: Ducato 30 (3 tonnes), Ducato 33 (3.3 tonnes), Ducato Maxi 35 (3.5 tonnes) and Ducato Maxi 40 (4 tonnes). In van configuration, the vehicle is available in three wheelbases: 3000 mm (118 inch), 3450 mm (136 inch), and 4050 mm (159 inch), and in three heights: 2250 mm (90 inch), 2500 mm (99 inch), and 2750 mm (109 inch). Also in van configuration, the three wheelbases are offered in four overall vehicle lengths of 4950 mm (195 inch), 5400 mm (213 inch), 6000 mm (236 inch), and 6350 mm (250 inch). The two longest body lengths are available only with the 4050 mm wheelbase.

  • Rear view (pre-facelift)
    Rear view (pre-facelift)
  • Peugeot Boxer (pre-facelift)
    Peugeot Boxer (pre-facelift)
  • Citroën Relay (pre-facelift)
    Citroën Relay (pre-facelift)
  • Ram ProMaster 1500
    Ram ProMaster 1500
  • Zenith Electric Van
    Zenith Electric Van

Mexico

[edit]

This third-generation Ducato has been available in Mexico since November 2007, and over 30 different models are available. It is marketed as the Fiat Ducato, and as the Peugeot Manager. These models are similar to the European configurations with smaller engines, available diesel, and manual transmissions,[17] although the Canada and U.S. version, with larger gasoline engines and automatic transmissions, is made in Mexico.

Ram ProMaster

[edit]

Since October 2013, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles's Ram Trucks brand has marketed the Ducato as the Ram ProMaster in Canada and the United States. Since the 2009 bankruptcy of Chrysler and subsequent acquisition by Fiat, Chrysler had not offered a large van in this market. Dodge Trucks (the brand name used by Chrysler prior to the inception of the Ram brand) had offered a version of the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van between 2003 and 2009, and earlier the Dodge Ram Van. The ProMaster is produced in FCA's Saltillo, Mexico, plant.

Traditional commercial vans in this market are heavy body-on-frame based on pickup trucks. The ProMaster has a unibody construction and front-wheel drive. This gives it a lower floor height, which improves cargo loading. Front-wheel drive also improves handling and safety.[18]

The most significant difference between the ProMaster and the Ducato is the availability of a 3.6 L 24-valve V6 gasoline Chrysler Pentastar engine offered in conjunction with the Chrysler 62TE six-speed automatic transmission as standard equipment. The Iveco 3.0 L 16-valve I4 diesel JTD engine, branded as EcoDiesel by Chrysler, mated with the M40 six-speed automated manual transmission was offered in model years 2014 through 2016; however, the gasoline V6 is currently the sole engine available in the ProMaster. Starting in the 2021 model year, the standard engine is the 3.6 L 24-valve V6 gasoline Pentastar Upgrade engine, in conjunction with the 9-speed ZF 9HP48 automatic replacing the Chrysler 62TE transmission.

The ProMaster is offered in three wheelbases (118-inch (3,000 mm), 135.8-inch (3,450 mm), 158.9-inch (4,040 mm)), four overall body lengths (195-inch (5,000 mm), 213-inch (5,400 mm), 236-inch (6,000 mm), 250-inch (6,400 mm), with the two longest body lengths available only with the 159-inch (4,000 mm) wheelbase). Only the low (89-inch (2,300 mm) and medium 99-inch (2,500 mm)) heights are offered on the ProMaster.

The panel van configuration is available in all sizes, while the chassis-cab and cut-away configurations are offered only in 136-inch (3,500 mm) and 159-inch (4,000 mm) wheelbases. The window van is available only in the 159-inch (4,000 mm) wheelbase and 99-inch (2,500 mm) roof height.

For the 2019 model year, the ProMaster received a new front fascia, replacing the crosshair grille with a new "RAM"-lettered front grille. The 3.0L EcoDiesel inline four-cylinder (I4) turbodiesel engine was also discontinued, leaving the 3.6L Pentastar V6 gasoline engine with variable valve timing (VVT) as the only engine choice for the ProMaster. The previously optional five-inch Uconnect 3 touchscreen radio was made standard equipment to comply with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) requiring that all vehicles with GVWR of 10,000 lb (4535 kg) or less manufactured after April 2018 provide a rearview camera.

At the 2020 Work Truck Show in Indianapolis, Indiana, Ram introduced the 2021 model year ProMaster with new features. A 9.2-inch digital rearview mirror with a rear camera is available as an option. New safety features include blind spot monitoring (BLIS) with rear cross-path detection and a forward collision warning system (FCWS) with emergency brake assist. LED interior lighting for the interior courtesy and ambient interior lighting is also available.[19]

For the 2023 model year, the Ram ProMaster received a second facelift to match the styling of the other post-facelift models.

In early 2024, the Ram ProMaster EV was unveiled. This electric vehicle is equipped with a 110 kWh battery and a 270 hp (200 kW) motor[3] (see also the "Electric versions" section below).

Engines

[edit]

2007–2010

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm
Diesel engines
100 Multijet/2.2 HDi Ford Puma 2,198 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 2,900 rpm 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 1,500 rpm
120 Multijet1 Iveco F1AE0481D 2,287 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3,600 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
2.2 HDi2 Ford Puma 2,198 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3,500 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
130 Multijet1 Iveco F1AE0481N 2,287 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) at 3,600 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
160 Multijet/3.0 HDi Iveco F1CE0481D 2,999 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 157 PS (115 kW; 155 hp) at 3,500 rpm 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 1,400 rpm
CNG engines
140 Natural Power Iveco F1C 2,999 cc DOHC 16v MPI Indirect injection 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) at 2,700 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) at 1,500 rpm

1 Only for Fiat Ducato
2 Only for Citroën Jumper and Peugeot Boxer

2010–2014

[edit]
Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Fuel system Max. power at rpm Max. torque at rpm
Diesel engines
2.2 HDi1 Ford Puma 2,198 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) at 3,500 rpm 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) at 1,750 rpm
2.2 HDi1 Ford Puma 2,198 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) at 3,500 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm
2.2 HDi1 Ford Puma 2,198 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 3,500 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) at 1,750 rpm
115 Multijet2 FPT Family B 250A1000 1,956 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) at 3,700 rpm 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) at 1,500 rpm
130 Multijet2 Iveco F1AE3481D 2,287 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) at 3,600 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 1,800 rpm
150 Multijet2 Iveco F1AE3481E 2,287 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 148 PS (109 kW; 146 hp) at 3,600 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) at 1,500 rpm
180 Multijet Power/3.0 HDi/EcoDiesel Iveco F1CE3481E 2,999 cc DOHC 16v Common rail direct fuel injection 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) at 3,500 rpm 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 1,400 rpm
CNG engines
140 Natural Power Iveco F1C 2,999 cc DOHC 16v MPI Indirect injection 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) at 2,700 rpm 350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) at 1,500 rpm
Petrol engines
3.6 Pentastar3 Chrysler Pentastar 3,604 cc DOHC 24v VVT Sequential Multiple-Port Fuel Injection 284 PS (209 kW; 280 hp) at 6,400 rpm 353 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm

1 Only for Citroën Jumper and Peugeot Boxer
2 Only for Fiat Ducato
3 Only for Ram ProMaster

Note: for some versions/markets, the previous engines are still available.

Key Ducato (3rd generation) dimensions[20][21]: 265–266 
Length
Height
 C / L1 M / L2 L / L3 XL / L4
Exterior 4,963 mm (195.4 in) 5,413 mm (213.1 in) 5,998 mm (236.1 in) 6,363 mm (250.5 in)
WB 3,000 mm (118.1 in) 3,450 mm (135.8 in) 4,035 mm (158.9 in)
Interior 2,670 mm (105.1 in) 3,120 mm (122.8 in) 3,705 mm (145.9 in) 4,070 mm (160.2 in)
H1 Exterior Interior Volume 8 m3 (280 cu ft) 10 m3 (350 cu ft) N/A
2,254 mm (88.7 in) 1,662 mm (65.4 in)
H2 2,522 mm (99.3 in) 1,932 mm (76.1 in) Volume 9.5 m3 (340 cu ft) 11.5 m3 (410 cu ft) 13 m3 (460 cu ft) 15 m3 (530 cu ft)
H3 2,764 mm (108.8 in) 2,172 mm (85.5 in) Volume N/A 15 m3 (530 cu ft) 17 m3 (600 cu ft)
Notes
  • Interior width is 1,870 mm (73.6 in) for all versions, 1,422 mm (56.0 in) between the internal wheel arches.

Facelift (2014–present)

[edit]

The fourth-generation Ducato/Jumper/Relay/Boxer (platform designation X290) was introduced in the summer of 2014, scheduled for an October 2014 debut as a 2015 model (except in Australia which had two models for Relay/Dispatch: a 2017 model with first facelift and a 2019 model with second facelift) while the 2014 model year was entirely skipped. Although based on the third generation model, it features a heavily revised front end, with more car like headlight styling. Euro 6 engines were introduced for the 2017 model year in late 2016, and does not require Adblue (Fiat version only) unlike most of its competitors.[22] The Relay/Boxer/Jumper received the 2.0L PSA DW10 based Euro 6 engine. The Ram ProMaster was revised in 2018 for the 2019 model year with a different grille, increased payload and improved towing capacity.[23]

In 2019, Ducato moved from twin EGR system introduced with for Euro 6 to AdBlue on the 2.3L engine to comply with Euro 6d. Same year Boxer/Relay/Jumper changed the 2.0L PSA DW10 engine for 2.2L DW12 based engine.

In 2021, new features include adaptive cruise control, autonomous emergency braking and lane keep assist.[24] In the same year, following the acquisition of Opel and Vaxuhall by Groupe PSA and its subsequent merger with FCA to form Stellantis, the Ducato was rebadged as the Opel/Vauxhall Movano, which was previously based on the Renault Master.[25]

In 2022, the Ducato and ProMaster received a redesigned dashboard and the 948TE nine-speed automatic transmission as standard equipment for the ProMaster and optional for the Ducato. The Ducato also receives the 2.2L Fiat Pratola Serra Family B turbo diesel, branded as the Multijet 3 (from end of 2021), while the ProMaster receives a revised 3.6L Pentastar.[26][27] For the 2023 model year, the front end of the ProMaster was redesigned to match its European counterparts, coinciding with the introduction of the ProMaster EV; the van also received a third "super-high" roof option on the longest wheelbase.[28] Also in 2023 Ducato in Europe and other markets switched engines again, this time to the PSA DW12 2.2L unit PSA EW/DW engine used in the other Sevel vans (Relay/Boxer/Jumper/Movano).

Toyota Motor Europe and Stellantis plan to build a Toyota-badged large van based on the Ducato platform, expected to be released in mid-2024. This is an expansion of the two automakers' LCV partnership started in 2012.[29]

Electric versions

[edit]

E-Ducato (2021)

[edit]

The battery electric Ducato Electric was announced in July 2019, with planned availability in 2020. The targeted range was 220 to 360 km (140 to 220 mi) on the New European Driving Cycle. The same body variants as the conventional Ducato would be available, providing cargo volumes of 10 to 17 m3 (350 to 600 cu ft) and maximum payload of 1,950 kg (4,300 lb).[30]

In April 2021, Fiat launched the E-Ducato, which had been co-developed with package delivery firm DHL. Ducato gliders are assembled at the Fiat Sevel Sud factory in Atessa, then shipped to Fiat Mirafiori in Turin, where they are fitted with a drivetrain developed by SolarEdge. Estimated maximum production capacity is 1,000 vehicles per month.[31] The similar electric van variants sold by PSA as the Citroen Jumper/Relay and Peugeot Boxer also are assembled at Sevel Sud, but use a different battery technology as they are converted by BD Auto instead.[32][33]

The 2021 E-Ducato is fitted with either a 3- or 5-module high voltage traction battery with 47 or 79 kW-hr of storage, respectively; estimated range is 280 km (170 mi) under the WLTP mixed cycle for the larger battery. Traction motor peak output is 90 kW (120 hp) and 280 N⋅m (210 lbf⋅ft). As an option, the E-Ducato can be fitted with a port to accept power at up to 50 kW (DC).[31]

In comparison, the e-Boxer conversion uses a traction battery with 37 or 75 kW-hr of storage, giving an estimated range of 73 or 154 mi (117 or 248 km), respectively (WLTP).[34]

E-Ducato and Ram ProMaster EV (2024)

[edit]

For the 2024 model year (coinciding with a facelift), the E-Ducato received a new drivetrain. The battery has a capacity of 110 kWh, providing power to an electric traction motor with a peak output of 200 kW (270 hp) and 410 N⋅m (300 lbf⋅ft).[35] The Ducato's siblings from other Stellantis brands, the Peugeot e-Boxer, the Citroen e-Jumper (Citroen e-Relay in the UK & Ireland), the Opel/Vauxhall Movano-e, and the new Toyota Proace Max Electric, also received this new drivetrain.[36][37][4]

In January 2024 for the North American market, Stellantis unveiled the Ram ProMaster EV, also equipped with an identical drivetrain featuring a 110 kWh battery and a 268 hp (200 kW), 302 lb⋅ft (409 N⋅m) motor.[3] The targeted range is 174 mi (280 km) in city driving; maximum charging rate is 150 kW using a Level 3 (DC) fast charger.[38] Orders for the Ram ProMaster EV (delivery model) were opened in September 2024; the cargo model will follow in 2025.[39]

Hydrogen versions

[edit]

E-Ducato Hydrogen (2025)

[edit]

On November 22, 2023, as the lead partner in Stellantis for the development of hydrogen products, Opel announced the Movano HYDROGEN would come to market along with its siblings the Citroen e-Jumper Hydrogen, Peugeot e-Boxer Hydrogen and Fiat E-Ducato Hydrogen.

Components for the large hydrogen van are shared with the mid-sized Opel Vivaro-e Hydrogen van, using a 110 kW motor, 45 kW fuel cell and 10.5kWh lithium-ion battery combined with four, rather than three, hydrogen cylinders. The H2 Ducato will have an expected range of more than 500 km. Sales will begin in Europe in 2025. North America will get an H2 pick-up truck in addition to the van, using the RAM brand.[40]

  • Fiat Ducato (2014 facelift)
    Fiat Ducato (2014 facelift)
  • Rear view (2014 facelift)
    Rear view (2014 facelift)
  • Citroën Relay (2014 facelift)
    Citroën Relay (2014 facelift)
  • Peugeot Boxer (2014 facelift)
    Peugeot Boxer (2014 facelift)
  • Ram ProMaster (2019 facelift)
    Ram ProMaster (2019 facelift)
  • Opel Movano
    Opel Movano
  • Vauxhall Movano
    Vauxhall Movano
  • 2021 Fiat Ducato, with new logo
    2021 Fiat Ducato, with new logo
  • Ram ProMaster (2023 facelift)
    Ram ProMaster (2023 facelift)

Second facelift (2024)

[edit]

A second facelift was revealed on October 23, 2023, introducing technological updates.[41]

  • Fiat Ducato (2024 facelift)
    Fiat Ducato (2024 facelift)
  • Toyota Proace Max
    Toyota Proace Max

Sales and production figures

[edit]
Year Worldwide production Worldwide sales Notes
Relay Ducato Boxer Relay Ducato Boxer
2009 TBA TBA 25,600[42] TBA TBA 31,900[42]
2010 TBA TBA 50,300[42] TBA TBA 48,800[42]
2011 47,238[16] TBA 58,601[16] 46,094[16] TBA 57,662[16] Total Jumper production reached 683,112 units.
Total Boxer production reached 782,012 units.[16]
2012 43,400[43] TBA 54,200[43] 43,100[43] TBA 53,900[43] Total Jumper production reached 726,500 units.
Total Boxer production reached 836,200 units.[43]

Ram ProMaster sales

[edit]
Calendar year[44] US Canada
2014 18,039
2015 28,345
2016 40,440 2,623
2017 40,483 4,320
2018 46,600 4,165
2019 56,409 4,483
2020 50,556 3,518
2021 63,361 3,008
2022 60,936 5,137

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The New Fiat Ducato: more technology, more efficiency, more value". fiatprofessionalpress.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  2. ^ "World preview of the Ducato Electric". 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Ram's first EV, the Ram ProMaster electric van, hits the US".
  4. ^ a b "Toyota completes full and electrified van line-up with new Proace Max".
  5. ^ "Know your base vehicles". practicalmotorhome.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  6. ^ Tropea, Salvatore (20 December 1988). "Accordo tra FIAT e Peugeot". La Repubblica (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 January 2019.
  7. ^ "Fiat Ducato Elettra: Arbeits- und Informations-Unterlagen 1992", KD-Schule / Hauptabteilung Technik (in German), Fiat Automobil AG, p. 2, August 1992
  8. ^ "Fiat: Chiude la Sevel ed arrivano 65 miliardi". Adnkronos. 22 December 1993. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  9. ^ "PSA, Fiat launch new LCV family". 11 February 2002. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Late News: Michelin in Hungary: 20,000 Audi A 3S: BMW in India: $800 Million more Fiat in Poland: Europeans win USABC contracts". Reuter News Service. 16 September 1996. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020 – via Automotive News.
  11. ^ Félix, Antonio (19 December 2016). "Fiat Ducato deixa de ser fabricada no Brasil. Boxer e Jumper também no mesmo caminho". Escolarweb (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 22 December 2016.
  12. ^ Pappas, Thanos (15 November 2023). "New Toyota Hilux Mild Hybrid Debuts Alongside Extended Family Of ProAce Vans". Carscoops.
  13. ^ "Home". maxwellvehicles.com.
  14. ^ Pokorzyński, Mateusz (23 November 2021). "Opel kończy produkcję Astry w Gliwicach. Fabryka zostanie zamknięta" [Opel ends production of Astra in Gliwice. The factory will close]. Auto Świat (in Polish). Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Brief Curriculum 2016 Michael Vernon Robinson" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  16. ^ a b c d e f "PSA Annual Report 2012" (PDF). Car manufacturers. PSA. Retrieved 12 April 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^ "Peugeot Manager 2018: Precios, versiones y equipamiento en México". Motorpasión México. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  18. ^ "2019 Ram Promaster Cargo Van". edmunds. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  19. ^ "Stellantis Media – 2021 Ram ProMaster Unveiled at The Work Truck Show® in Indianapolis". media.stellantisnorthamerica.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  20. ^ "New Ducato: Dimensions". Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  21. ^ "Fiat Ducato Owner Handbook" (PDF). Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. May 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  22. ^ "New Fiat Ducato 2014 revealed". Auto Express. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  23. ^ Karr, Anthony (27 June 2018). "2019 Ram ProMaster And ProMaster City Vans Thoroughly Updated". Motor1.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019..
  24. ^ "New Fiat Ducato van goes on sale with prices from £27k". Motor1.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  25. ^ Hubbard, CJ (4 August 2021). "New Vauxhall Movano: pricing, spec, official details". Parkers. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  26. ^ "2022 Fiat Ducato review". WhatCar. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  27. ^ Gonderman, Monica (21 August 2021). "2022 Ram ProMaster First Look: Better Inside, Not Out". MotorTrend. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  28. ^ Miller, Robert S. (9 March 2022). "READY TO WORK: Meet The Updated 2023 Ram ProMaster Lineup". Mopar Insider. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  29. ^ Pappas, Thanos (30 May 2022). "Stellantis Will Build Toyota's First Large Van, Coming In 2024 With An EV Variant". Carscoops. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  30. ^ "World preview of the Ducato Electric" (Press release). Stellantis Media. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  31. ^ a b Malan, Andrea (28 April 2021). "Fiat launches full-electric Ducato commercial van". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  32. ^ Sigal, Peter (30 April 2019). "PSA will offer electric Peugeot Boxer, Citroen Jumper vans". Automotive News Europe. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  33. ^ Kane, Mark (25 April 2021). "Fiat Launches E-Ducato Electric Van". InsideEVs. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021.
  34. ^ "Peugeot e-Boxer electric van review (2023)". Parkers. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  35. ^ "FIAT Professional unveils the new lineup: a new generation at work" (Press release). FIAT Professional. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  36. ^ "La FIAT Ducato se renueva, la furgoneta italiana estrena diseño, tecnología, motor diésel y una opción eléctrica con un 30% más de autonomía". 23 October 2023.
  37. ^ "Stellantis Pro One: Commercial Vehicles Reinforced Leadership with Full Line-up Renewal, 2nd Generation Electrification and 100% Connected Vans for Compact, Mid-Size, Large" (Press release). Stellantis. 23 October 2023.
  38. ^ "Ram Introduces All-new ProMaster Electric Van" (Press release). Stellantis North America. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  39. ^ "2025 Ram Professional ProMaster EV Fact Sheet" (Press release). Stellantis North America. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
  40. ^ "Electric, Innovative, Efficient: New Opel Movano Sets Standards". www.media.stellantis.com. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  41. ^ "Stellantis upgrades electric van line-up".
  42. ^ a b c d "Engine specs from PSA Peugeot Citroën" (PDF). Creator and designer. PSA Peugeot Citroën. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  43. ^ a b c d e Memento Mars 2013 (in French), PSA Peugeot Citroën, 21 February 2013, p. 50, archived from the original on 11 March 2013
  44. ^ "Stellantis Media". media.stellantisnorthamerica.com.
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